Benito Pérez Galdós

Have you heard the name of Benito Pérez Galdós, a great Spanish writer? Have you read any of his outstanding novels? Unless you are a fellow Hispanist, I suspect you never even heard Galdós's name. Most educated people have at least heard the names of Tolstoy, Balzac, Dickens, Flaubert, and Zola. Still, Galdós, who, to put it very mildly,  is in no way weaker as a writer remains unknown. It is extremely unfair that Tolstoy's vastly inferior War and Peace (Oxford World's Classics) should go on the New York Times bestseller list, while Galdós's amazing Fortunata and Jacinta: Two Stories of Married Women (Classics) or his heartbreakingly beautiful Misericordia (Dedalus European Classics) languish unknown outside of the Spanish-speaking world. You can't even find English translations for most of his beautiful novels, while Tolstoy's  Anna Karenina (Oprah's Book Club), a mind-numbingly inept rewriting of Flaubert's Madame Bovary, keeps getting translated.

Galdós's lack of fame outside of the Spanish-speaking world is often attributed to a nasty smear campaign launched by his compatriots when rumors began that the writer was going to be nominated for the Nobel Prize. I find this explanation to be quite silly. It would have made sense to talk about the smear campaign as the main cause of Galdós's relative obscurity if it weren't for the fact that every single Spanish writer (with the exception of Cervantes, Lope de Vega and, marginally, Calderón) has suffered the same fate. Take, for example, Clarin's La Regenta (Penguin Classics). (And I mean it literally as well as figuratively: do absolutely give yourself the joy of reading this fantastic novel. If you haven't read La Regenta (Penguin Classics), it is my opinion that you are pretty much wasting your time reading anything else.) Nobody has written a better novel since Cervantes, yet Clarin, its genius author, is as unknown (or more) as Galdós.

I hope that by now I have been able to awaken your curiosity as to the reasons behind this obstinate refusal by the entire world to notice achievements by great writers from Spain. Literature, though, is far from being the only area where Spain has been marginalized. Take any book on European history, art, politics, economy, demographic trends, whatever. In the absolute majority of cases, there won't be a chapter on Spain. I've been tracking such books for over a decade now, and, for the most part, Spain is noticeable by its absence.

So what happened to Spain? Why is this country being constantly snubbed, perennially left behind, eternally marginalized?

Between 1492 and 1898, Spain was an empire. In the XVIth and the first half of the XVIIth centuries it was the greatest, the most powerful and the most feared empire in the world. Spain's hegemony in terms of politics, economy, culture, art was undisputable. The Spanish Empire didn't rest there, of course. It used all of its vast resources to invade everybody around in order to impose its own religion. Eventually, Spain's endless religious wars destroyed its economy and led to a gradual crumbling down of the imperial edifice. By the end of the XVIIth century, Spain became very familiar with what it meant to be an empire in decline. By the 1820ies, Spain lost most of its colonies. In 1898, the sad, pathetic remnants of the Spanish Empire lost the last small colonies to an emerging imperial power: the United States.

People remember, though. The atrocities perpetrated by Spain in the New World were retold and exaggerated by those who resented Spain's religious wars and constant attempts to mess with its neighbors. This horrible reputation that keeps following Spain around like a bad smell is called "The Black Legend of Spain." Of course, there hasn't been any Spanish Empire for a long time. And only historians and Hispanists remember Spain's hegemony. Still, a bad rep is impossible to live down. And Benito Pérez Galdós - as well as everybody who could have enjoyed his books if they knew of their existence - keeps paying for the Empire's sins.

So you see how this works? Messing with other people's business, starting "holy" wars, exploiting others for the sake of the Empire is a lot of fun while it lasts. But you always get to pay for it. And pay for it some more. Is it really worth it?

Bullfighting

Spain has recently gone through yet another round of discussions on whether bullfighting should be outlawed in the country. For weeks, the most prominent writers and thinkers have been publishing articles expressing their agreement with or opposition to this measure. Spain has been criticized for a long time by other countries of the European Union that consider the practice of bullfighting "barbaric" and "uncivilized."

For those who are familiar with the term "the Black Legend of Spain", these attempts to marginalize Spain as "not truly European" are nothing new. Outlawing bullfighting will hardly help to destroy the Black Legend that has been in circulation for centuries. There will always be something else, some other sign that Spain's "Europeanness" isn't entirely "genuine." There is, of course, a lot of racism - as well as historical and cultural resentment - behind this attitude towards Spain.

I have seen bullfighting in Spain. And to tell you the truth I loved it. Unless you have seen this spectacle, try not to condemn it, because you have no idea what it is. The music, the costumes, the cheering, the choreography are mesmerizing. I did not enjoy seeing the bulls suffer, but since I eat meat (a lot) feeling appalled by the suffering of the animals would be very hypocritical. In my lifetime, I have eaten a lot more animals that were killed during that bullfight.

It's funny how people who condemn bullfighting watch boxing, wrestling, hockey, etc., the sports where actual human beings are knocked out into unconsciousness, have their faces and limbs broken into a bloody pulp, and often damaged for life. Many people enjoy the Olympics where athletes subject themselves to all kind of inhuman torture just to break the record, which pleases the public and serves the holy goals of nationalistic brainwashing. And when an athlete dies (as happened in the last Winter Olympics), well, that's sad but it's all part of the game.

One might argue that athletes choose to participate in life-threatening sports, while the bulls are incapable of consenting to being part of a bullfight. However, if you come from a country that has been dropping bombs on Iraq, Afghanistan, etc. - without seeking consent from the people on whom the bombs were thrown - your prissy disgust with bullfighting is once again hypocritical.

It's easy to be opposed to bullfighting and flatter one's self-righteousness and sense of moral superiority in this way. It is harder, however, to familiarize oneself with the reasons both behind this practice and behind its condemnation.